What does 1 Corinthians 10:7 mean?
Paul is directing the Christians in Corinth to pay attention to the example of God's discipline on the Israelites in the wilderness. The previous verse referred to a time when God inflicted a plague on some who were dissatisfied with God's provision of manna. They were craving and demanding meat. Now Paul points to the more famous incident when the people persuaded Aaron to build a golden calf to worship as a god (Exodus 32:1–6). God killed thousands for this act of betrayal (Exodus 32:28, 35).Some would argue that God would never take such action against Christians. Those saved from eternal punishment for sin, by God's grace through their faith in Christ, are immune to such responses, aren't they? That's completely wrong, Paul insists. In truth, God may discipline His children in this life, on this side of eternity, any way He sees fit.
God seems to take idol worship especially seriously. Paul has been urging the Corinthian Christians to be willing, for the sake of each other, to give up their freedom to eat meat offered to an idol or to attend functions inside idol-worshiping temples. Now, though, his command that they should not be idolaters suggests that some of the Christians were still participating in the worship of idols and not just eating meat from idol temples.
Paul seems to be warning that God will not let that disobedience continue without consequences.