What does 1 Corinthians 4:5 mean?
Paul understands himself to be the Lord's steward, given the task of managing the delivery of the revelation of the Lord's mysteries about Christ and Him crucified, among other things. He agrees that stewards must be found to be faithful. He has rejected any human judgment of his integrity and performance in that role, however. Whatever the Corinthians or others may think of his work among them, it does not matter much. In fact, he knows even he is unqualified to judge himself. In this teaching, Paul is neither claiming to be flawed, nor perfect—merely noting that it is God's judgment, not man's, which matters.With that in mind, Paul tells his readers to quit the work of pronouncing judgment on the quality of another person's service to the Lord. Rather, they should wait for the Lord to come and pronounce the final verdict. God's verdict is the only one that matters, and He is the only one qualified to evaluate what is inside of a person, the purposes of someone's heart that are hidden in darkness from human eyes (1 Samuel 16:7).
Based on the Lord's verdict, each servant will receive praise from God. This echoes what Paul wrote about the day of Christ's judgment of the work of believers in the previous chapter (1 Corinthians 3:13).