What does 1 Samuel 17:7 mean?
The Philistines have amassed an army against Israel. Their champion has come to challenge the Israelites to single man combat to determine the battle (1 Samuel 17:1–4). This champion—Goliath of Gath—is massive and clad with impressive protective armor. He also carries a javelin of bronze (1 Samuel 17:5–6).This outrageously large Philistine also brings a spear described to resemble "a weaver's beam." Ancient weaving was often done by hanging threads from a thick, round pole. Goliath's spear is bigger—probably in all dimensions—than the spears other men carry. This incident occurred at the beginning of the "Iron Age," so his weapon is not only large, but it also uses the best materials and technology available at the time.
Goliath is accompanied by a man who carries his shield into battle ahead of him. This was probably a "standing shield"—essentially a small movable wall which a shield-bearer adjusted during combat. The overall picture of Goliath is one of a highly imposing warrior who is protected by the best possible armor and prepared to attack with the latest weaponry. He would have been a terrifying sight to see, even before he started taunting the Israelites.