What does 1 Samuel 2:31 mean?
The Lord continues to declare His judgment on Eli. This is for allowing his sons to wickedly abuse their power as priests and thereby insult the worship of God. Through His unnamed prophet, the Lord has said He will remove the priestly role—and the honor which comes with it—from Eli's household and descendants (1 Samuel 2:30; 3:12–14).Now the Lord declares, in the common language of judgment prophecies, "behold, the days are coming." This means it won't be long before God cuts off Eli's strength and the strength of his father's house. The prediction is that God will shrivel up Eli's branch of the family line from Aaron. All of Eli's descendants will die young. None of them will reach old age as his line continues to shrink and move closer to extinction. Every son or generation of sons will die in the prime of their lives.
This prophecy will be fulfilled first with the death of Eli's own sons (1 Samuel 4:11), then a massacre of his descendants by Saul (1 Samuel 22:18–19), and then finally by David's removal of Eli's descendant Abiathar from the priesthood (1 Kings 2:26–27).