What does 1 Samuel 6:12 mean?
The test devised by the Philistine priests proved conclusive (1 Samuel 6:7–9). It was truly the Lord God of Israel that had afflicted the Philistines with the plague because they held His ark captive.Instead of heading back to their own homes and calves, as would be expected, the untrained milk cows carrying the ark of the Lord went straight down the highway toward the Israelite city of Beth-shemesh (1 Samuel 6:10–11). The cows did not hesitate, wander, or even hint that they were thinking about going in a different direction. They simply started walking, mooing as they went.
Just to be sure, the Philistine leaders follow the cows all the way to the Israelite border. They would be able to tell the citizens of their five cities they had successfully escorted the ark of the Lord entirely out of Philistine territory. They could only hope the Lord would now relent and remove the plague from them (1 Samuel 5:6–12; 6:3–5).