What does 1 Samuel 6:7 mean?
It seems certain that most Philistines understood the plague was sent by the Lord God of Israel, because they held His ark captive in their territory (1 Samuel 5:6–12; 6:2). However, others wondered if it was all a coincidence (1 Samuel 6:9). Would they have experienced all the same suffering even without the ark of the Lord in their land?The priests and diviners produced a test to find out which was true. The first step was to build a new cart to carry the ark. This was done out of respect for the ark of the Lord. They likely did the same when transporting idols of Dagon (1 Samuel 5:2–5).
The real test, though, involved selecting two milk cows that had never been harnessed to pull the cart. The calves belonging to the cows were to be left at a home, something the cows would not like. Normally, without any human direction or experience of being yoked to a cart, the milk cows would be expected to head for home to take care of their calves. If, instead, they headed for the border with Israel, the priests would take it as evidence that the plague had truly come from the Lord (1 Samuel 6:9).