What does 1 Timothy 6:1 mean?
The end of chapter 5 dealt with the proper way for Christians to honor good church elders and how to discipline those who went astray. The first two verses of chapter 6 provide instructions to Christians in Ephesus who lived as bondservants or slaves. This was an extremely common status in the first century.Paul encouraged slaves to obtain freedom whenever possible (1 Corinthians 7:21). He pled for the freedom of the runaway slave Onesimus in his letter to Philemon (Philemon 1:8–16). However, Paul did not focus the major portion of his ministry on the abolition of slavery. Rather, Paul's words here are a direction towards godly behavior, no matter one's circumstances. He commands slaves to give their masters honor. Why? For the honor of God: "so that the name of God and the teaching may not be reviled."
As important as each person is to God (Genesis 1:27), God's honor is to be the utmost priority to the believer. In addition, Paul wanted there to be no excuse for people to reject the gospel based on the negative actions of Christians. Instead of Christian slaves rebelling against their masters, they were to live godly lives to help bring glory to the Lord and reach people for Christ. This, along with the New Testament's powerful teaching of human equality (Galatians 3:28; Colossians 3:11), created an approach which weakened and eventually defeated chattel slavery in Western culture.