What does Acts 14:27 mean?
Paul and Barnabas have arrived home in Syrian Antioch after spreading Jesus' offer of salvation and establishing churches in the territory of Galatia in central modern-day Asia Minor (Acts 13:1–3). As in their home church, many of the new believers are Gentiles. Their trip was important for the future of the church for several reasons.It continued the work of the commission Jesus gave to the apostles in Acts 1:8 when He told them, "you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the earth." The apostles reached Jerusalem (Acts 2—7). The deacon Philip, with the verification of Peter and John, reached Samaria (Acts 8:4–25). And Jewish believers who heard the message in Jerusalem spread Jesus' story north into Damascus and Syria (Acts 9:1–2; 11:19–26). Now, the church has infiltrated farther into the Roman Empire.
It continued God's plan of providing salvation for the Gentiles. The first report of Gentile Jesus-followers who had not previously worshiped the Jewish God first was in Syrian Antioch. God promised Abraham that He would bless the world through him (Genesis 12:3). Isaiah prophesied God telling the Messiah, "I will make you as a light for the nations, that my salvation may reach to the end of the earth" (Isaiah 49:6). God's plan was always to save Gentiles as well as Jews.
It provides much-needed perspective for integrating Gentiles into the church. Peter has already discovered the Holy Spirit will fall on whomever He will, regardless of nationality or background, without baptism or the laying on of hands (Acts 10:44). The church in Syrian Antioch has proven the Holy Spirit does not demand Gentiles follow Judaism to be complete Christians. Now, Paul and Barnabas report just how ubiquitous the conversion of pagan Gentiles will be.
And yet, the faithful Jewish Christians will have a difficult time accepting this. Devout Jewish Jesus-followers from Judea will come to Syrian Antioch and try to tell the Gentile church members they must be circumcised. Paul and Barnabas will have to go to the leaders in Jerusalem to get their ruling. Peter and James, Jesus' half-brother and pastor of the church in Jerusalem, will agree that circumcision is not necessary. They resolve Gentiles should refrain from eating food which has been sacrificed to idols or has blood in it, and sexual immorality (Acts 15:1–35). Much of Paul's second missionary journey entails sharing this decision, especially reassuring the churches he planted in Galatia they will not need to be circumcised (Acts 15:22–35; 16:4).
The Jerusalem council wouldn't have had necessary information if Paul and Barnabas hadn't taken their trip. As it stands, two solid apostles provide witness that more Gentiles are coming to faith in Christ than Jews. The addition of Gentiles isn't a fluke. They are coming and staying in significant numbers, and the Jewish leadership needs to figure out what this means for the church.