What does Acts 15:23 mean?
The apostles and elders of the church in Jerusalem have affirmed the truth: Gentiles do not have to convert to Judaism to receive salvation through the sacrifice of Jesus. Gentiles neither need to be circumcised nor follow the Mosaic law. So that Jewish Jesus-followers feel comfortable eating with and living life with Gentiles in their church, however, Gentiles must adhere to Jewish sexual purity laws and refrain from eating blood and food sacrificed to idols (Acts 15:6–21).To share this information, the council writes a letter. The letter is sent with representatives to the district of Syria, 300 miles to the north. The apostles mentioned here are the ten remaining original disciples of Jesus (James the son of Zebedee had been martyred; see Acts 12:2), plus Matthias who replaced Judas (Acts 1:23–26). The elders are respected men who lead the church in Jerusalem. All have been trained by Jesus or by those who were trained by Jesus.
The issue arose when Jewish Christians who had been Pharisees visited the church in Antioch, the capital of Syria. As Pharisees, they still clung to the Mosaic law, as well as the unnecessary oral law, and insisted that every Jesus-follower must do the same. Paul and Barnabas, who made their home in Antioch, disagreed, and they and other representatives from the church brought the issue to Jerusalem (Acts 15:1–3). Now, the Antiochene envoys, along with men from Jerusalem, have the privilege of accompanying the answer to Syria. Once the church in Antioch is made aware of the new policy, Paul and Silas will take the letter to the churches Paul and Barnabas planted in modern-day Asia Minor (Acts 15:40–41; 16:4).