What does Acts 23:27 mean?
The tribune Claudius Lysias, stationed in Jerusalem, is writing to Governor Felix to explain why he sent seventy horsemen to escort a single Jew to the governor's quarters in Caesarea Maritima.Less than a week prior, Paul entered the temple to perform a Jewish ceremony at the behest of the church in Jerusalem (Acts 21:20–27). Jews from the province of Asia in southwest modern-day Turkey saw him and assumed he had brought a Gentile they knew. They grabbed Paul, dragged him from the temple to the courtyard, and incited a mob to beat him. Lysias heard of the disturbance and ordered the soldiers to pull Paul away and bind him (Acts 21:27–33). When Lysias couldn't figure out why the mob attacked Paul, he ordered Paul be flogged—a traditional Roman way of getting information. As the centurion was about to strike, Paul cried out that he was a Roman citizen (Acts 22:23–25).
So, Lysias' chain of events is off, but there's a reason. It was illegal for Lysias to tie Paul up, let alone scourge him, without conviction through a fair trial (Acts 22:29). Lysias treated Paul well once he found out Paul's citizenship status, but he didn't want to get in trouble for breaking the law.
Lysias will continue his self-preservation. In a few days, Paul's accusers from the Sanhedrin will arrive and try to convince Felix that Paul is a rioter who broke Roman law by profaning a religious structure (Acts 24:2–9). Felix doesn't believe them and says he will wait to make his decision when Lysias arrives. But Lysias never comes. Felix decides he'd profit more if Paul remained under house arrest in Caesarea than if he freed Paul and irritated the Jewish leaders. Plus, maybe Paul might offer compensation for his freedom (Acts 24:22, 26–27).