What does Daniel 3:19 mean?
In arrogance, Nebuchadnezzar, the temperamental king of Babylon (Daniel 2:12), had commanded everyone to worship a golden idol (Daniel 3:1–7). Three Hebrew men (Daniel 3:12) were accused of ignoring that order and openly refused to comply (Daniel 3:16–18). The king's change of expression and instructions about the furnace reflect his ever-increasing rage (Daniel 3:13). His decree is not a measured application of law, but a temper tantrum from a man accustomed to getting his way.The "furnace" in question (Daniel 3:6, 11, 15, 17) was probably a lime kiln. These were domed, earthen structures with an opening on top to insert material and a hole on the side to remove ashes and waste. Like a blacksmith's forge, the right combination of fuel and air flow could create phenomenal levels of heat. Being burnt alive was a traditional Babylonian punishment for blasphemers (Jeremiah 29:22). In this case, Nebuchadnezzar fails to realize that a superheated furnace would put anyone who came near it at risk (Daniel 3:22). It would also create a faster, less painful death for the three men. His only desire seems to be displaying as much power against these disobedient Hebrews as possible.
Nebuchadnezzar also failed to realize that the God the three men worshiped and served could protect them from the fire. He will soon learn that his earlier bragging (Daniel 3:15) was mistaken (Daniel 3:24–25).