What does Daniel 4:23 mean?
Daniel refers again to Nebuchadnezzar's dream (Daniel 4:10–12). He recalls the angelic being who orders the cutting down of the tree until only its stump remains (Daniel 4:13–15). Daniel's words repeat the dream's transition from speaking about an "it"—the tree—to a "him." The tree stump is bound, and the person it represents is "bound" in madness and an animalistic mind (Daniel 4:16).Nebuchadnezzar will suffer this fate (Daniel 4:24–25). He will become like an animal: wallowing and eating as a mindless beast for "seven periods of time." Interpreters differ about how long these periods are. Some suggest seven years, others a shorter span. In any case, the king will be driven utterly insane and forced to accept his lowly state compared to God. In the same way, commentators differ as to whether Nebuchadnezzar would come to believe he was an animal, or if he would simply be incapacitated by madness.
This means that Nebuchadnezzar's dream predicted not merely a loss of royal position and authority, but also the loss of his mind. It must have been difficult for Daniel to stand before Nebuchadnezzar and deliver such stunning news. The Babylonian king was infamous for his cruelty and temper (Daniel 2:5; 3:19–20). Yet Daniel seems to realize he stood before the Lord God, supreme Ruler of the universe, and determined to be His faithful spokesman.