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Ephesians 1:10
ESV as a plan for the fullness of time, to unite all things in him, things in heaven and things on earth.
NIV to be put into effect when the times reach their fulfillment—to bring unity to all things in heaven and on earth under Christ.
NASB regarding His plan of the fullness of the times, to bring all things together in Christ, things in the heavens and things on the earth.
CSB as a plan for the right time —to bring everything together in Christ, both things in heaven and things on earth in him.
NLT And this is the plan: At the right time he will bring everything together under the authority of Christ — everything in heaven and on earth.
KJV That in the dispensation of the fulness of times he might gather together in one all things in Christ, both which are in heaven, and which are on earth; even in him:
NKJV that in the dispensation of the fullness of the times He might gather together in one all things in Christ, both which are in heaven and which are on earth—in Him.

What does Ephesians 1:10 mean?

Paul's mention of "the fullness of time" refers to "just the right time." Paul used the same phrase in Galatians 4:4, noting, "But when the fullness of time had come, God sent forth his Son." The emphasis is on God's perfect timing, which brings all of His plans together.

Unity is yet another important theme in this letter. Church leaders are to equip saints "until we all attain to the unity of the faith" (Ephesians 4:13). Paul was also "eager to maintain the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace" (Ephesians 4:3).

Paul specifically notes that "all things" includes "things in heaven and things on earth." There was both a spiritual and physical component to Paul's discussion of unity. Paul will later address these spiritual realities in chapter 6, in his discussion of the armor of God. He notes in Ephesians 6:12, "For we do not wrestle against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the cosmic powers over this present darkness, against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly places." Paul clearly saw the need to discuss both the spiritual and physical, covering all areas in which God operates.
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