What does Ephesians 2:12 mean?
Paul provides five negative aspects of the lives of his readers prior to knowing Christ:First, is separation; the relationship and love they now knew in their hearts did not previously exist. Second, they had no connection with the people of God and were considered foreigners by the Jewish people. Third, they were not part of God's promises. God's Old Testament covenants were made with the Jewish people, not the Gentiles. They were left out of these previous arrangements. Fourth, they had "no hope" prior to knowing Christ. Paul uses this phrase in one other place, describing how when believers die the surviving believers do "not grieve as others who have no hope" (1 Thessalonians 4:13). Fifth, they were "without God in the world."
These five traits, along with the conditions mentioned in verse 11, offer a list of reasons which had excluded Paul's readers from God's family prior to salvation. These negatives will be contrasted with God's positive provisions through Jesus, beginning in the next verse.