Exodus 10:1

ESV Then the Lord said to Moses, "Go in to Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart and the heart of his servants, that I may show these signs of mine among them,

NIV Then the Lord said to Moses, "Go to Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart and the hearts of his officials so that I may perform these signs of mine among them

NASB Then the Lord said to Moses, 'Go to Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart and the heart of his servants, so that I may perform these signs of Mine among them,

CSB Then the Lord said to Moses, "Go to Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart and the hearts of his officials so that I may do these miraculous signs of mine among them,

NLT Then the Lord said to Moses, 'Return to Pharaoh and make your demands again. I have made him and his officials stubborn so I can display my miraculous signs among them.

KJV And the Lord said unto Moses, Go in unto Pharaoh: for I have hardened his heart, and the heart of his servants, that I might shew these my signs before him:

NKJV Now the Lord said to Moses, “Go in to Pharaoh; for I have hardened his heart and the hearts of his servants, that I may show these signs of Mine before him,

What does Exodus 10:1 mean?

God has sent multiple plagues on Egypt (Exodus 7:21; 8:6, 17, 24; 9:6, 10, 24). Their king, Pharaoh, refused to release Hebrew slaves (Exodus 5:2; 7:13–14, 22; 8:15, 19, 32; 9:7, 34). As a result, God has begun to actively force Pharaoh to remain stubborn (Exodus 4:21). That is partially explained in the first verses of this chapter (Exodus 10:2). God is making an example of Pharaoh. He intends the story of Israel's liberation to be told for generation after generation. Thousands of years later, the story is still famous.

Egyptian leaders had plenty of opportunities to set their Israelite slaves free. With one exception (Exodus 9:12), each choice to defy God has been by their own free will. When Pharaoh once again backed out on his promise of freedom, it was his last chance (Exodus 9:35; Proverbs 29:1). From now on, he will be used to illustrate God's wrath and judgment.

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