What does Exodus 12:19 mean?
Prior text (Exodus 12:15) explained how Israel was to observe the Festival of Unleavened Bread. This included removing all leaven from their homes. Leaven is the yeast which makes bread rise. Symbolically, this implies a sincere effort to rid one's life of sin (1 Corinthians 5:6–8). It would also remind Israel of how God prepared them (Exodus 12:8) to leave Egyptian slavery on short notice (Exodus 12:33, 39).When Israel is freed, some non-Israelites will come with them (Exodus 12:38). Some of these were probably Egyptians who recognized the power of the God of the Hebrews (Exodus 8:19; 10:7). This verse specifies that this rule applies to all people among the Israelites, whether they are natives of Israel, travelers, foreigners, or visitors. Those who defied the law were to be "cut off" and separated from the rest of the nation. To be "cut off" implied being shunned and excluded (Genesis 17:14); in some cases, it involved the death penalty (Leviticus 20:1–3).