What does Exodus 7:1 mean?

Pharaoh's retaliation (Exodus 5:6–9) has led to doubt and infighting (Exodus 5:19–21). The Lord responded to Moses' concerns (Exodus 5:22—6:1) by reminding him that this is part of the plan (Exodus 3:19–20). Here, God explains how Moses, Aaron, and Pharaoh represent the relative roles of God, a prophet, and the people. This verse does not mean that Moses is a deity. Nor does it mean that he is given special powers beyond the signs provided by the Lord (Exodus 4:8). The point is about how divine messages are relayed.

Moses, by analogy, is in the position of God. He originates the words—in an earthly sense—which he communicates to Aaron (Exodus 4:14–16). Aaron is the symbolic equivalent of the prophet: bringing the words of the deity to the people. Pharaoh represents the world at large. Pharaoh hears a message from Moses, told through Aaron, much as the world hears a message from God, told through prophets.

This continues a section of reassurance (Exodus 6:1). God's plan is established and cannot fail (Job 42:2). Moses and Aaron will obey (Exodus 7:6) despite their advanced age (Exodus 7:7).