What does Genesis 17:20 mean?
This verse is God's "yes" to Abraham's apparently anguished request. Abraham desires that his son Ishmael might live under God's blessing. Abraham may have meant he wanted Ishmael to be the son of God's covenant promise. This certainly seems to be what he expected. God made clear in the previous verse that was not to be; Isaac would receive that blessing.However, God acknowledges that He has heard Abraham's request for Ishmael, whose name means "God hears." God repeats what had been promised to Hagar (Genesis 16:10–12), that Ishmael's offspring would be numerous. God adds that Ishmael will father 12 princes and become a great nation. Ishmael, then, is to be greatly blessed, though in merely human terms. His offspring, divided into 12 princes, will become a great nation, but they will not become the covenant people of God. Isaac's offspring, also destined to be divided into 12 tribes, will become God's own nation.