What does Genesis 37:10 mean?
Joseph has revealed a second prophetic dream (Genesis 37:5–7) where the sun, moon, and 11 stars bowed down to him (Genesis 37:9). As the story of Genesis will reveal, Joseph's dreams will be fulfilled (Genesis 42:6). His family will eventually bow down before him, in submission and need.Leading up to this, Joseph's brothers already hated him so much they couldn't speak politely (Genesis 37:4). Genesis doesn't comment as to whether Joseph was wise to tell them about the dreams instead of keeping them to himself. All the same, things are beginning to reach a boiling point for this family. Even Jacob, who clearly loves and favors Joseph over his brothers (Genesis 37:3), scolds him for suggesting they will one day bow themselves to the ground as if they were his subjects. Jacob's own experience with dreams (Genesis 28:10–16) suggests he's not angry at Joseph for having the dream, but for the way he chose to share it.
Jacob's harsh reprimand likely provides Joseph's brothers with enough justification to finally act on their hatred and jealousy in the following verses (Genesis 37:18, 28).