What does Genesis 44:33 mean?
Judah's youngest brother, Benjamin, is being held responsible for stealing the silver cup of an Egyptian ruler (Genesis 44:11–13). As punishment, he will be required to stay as a slave of the ruler while the rest of his brothers are free to go (Genesis 44:17). Though the brothers do not know it, yet, this Egyptian ruler is Joseph—the same brother they sold as a slave twenty years ago (Genesis 37:24–28; 42:7–8). He is testing them, checking to see if they have changed. Joseph's clever scheme (Genesis 44:1–6) has forced them to revisit the choice they made with him. Will they act selfishly, letting an innocent boy and an old man suffer? Or will they act with integrity and honor?The solution Judah offers here comes at the end of a long, passionate plea from Judah (Genesis 44:18–32). He himself will be responsible in their father's eyes if Benjamin is not returned safely home. In fact, he will be responsible for his father's death, because the loss of Benjamin will kill the old man (Genesis 42:38).
Hoping he has softened this Egyptian ruler's heart, Judah now makes a selfless proposal: His life for Benjamin's. He formally requests that the Egyptian ruler keep him as the servant instead, and that he allows Benjamin to return home with his other brothers. This is a far cry from the man who once cruelly handed his hated younger brother over to slave traders in a fit of jealously (Genesis 42:21–23).