What does Genesis 45:5 mean?

More than twenty years after selling their seventeen-year-old brother into slavery (Genesis 37:24–28), Jacob's sons are at the mercy of an incredibly powerful Egyptian governor. They have just learned that this man is the very person they betrayed long ago (Genesis 45:1–4). Their shock and terror are understandable. Only the youngest, Benjamin, was not involved in Joseph's enslavement. The oldest ten have good reason to fear for their lives. Joseph has the moral right—and the power—to end their lives for what they had done to him.

Fortunately for the brothers, Joseph quickly tries to put them at ease. He even tells them not to be hard on themselves. Instead, Joseph explains his perspective about all that has happened to him. Clearly, Joseph has spent much time thinking about the meaning behind his unusual experiences. The summary of his thoughts is profound: God sent me here to save lives. Joseph will restate the same idea later in this passage (Genesis 45:7).

This is among the most crucial concepts in all of Christianity: God works in the world, even through human evil, to accomplish great good. Realizing this truth allowed Joseph to forgive his brothers for their crime. His position is not that they are innocent—only that God had a greater and better purpose for allowing them to do what they did. Without Joseph's suffering, he would not have been in this position of power. With his power, he can now rescue his people from starvation (Genesis 45:6–8).