What does Genesis 47:18 mean?
Over the previous two years, the Pharaoh of Egypt has taken possession of all the cash and livestock in the region (Genesis 47:13–15). This was in exchange for food during a severe famine (Genesis 41:55–57). Joseph, overseeing all these exchanges, ensured that everyone who could trade in livestock was fed for the previous year (Genesis 47:16–17). Joseph's plan to survive the famine (Genesis 41:33–36) has certainly succeeded. However, it has also created a drastic shift in both power and wealth, in favor of the Egyptian ruler.A new year has come, yet the famine remains and will persist for some time to come (Genesis 45:6). The people need more food to keep from starving. They return to Joseph admitting they now have neither cash nor cattle. It all belongs to Pharaoh already. They have nothing left to their names but land. Beyond that, they have only their own lives. They will, it seems, volunteer themselves for servitude to avoid starvation (Genesis 47:19).
Genesis 47:13–26 describes how Joseph's plan for the famine made Egypt's king even more powerful and wealthy. In essence, Joseph sells grain taxed from the people back to them. When the people run out of money to pay for food from the storehouses, Joseph trades for their livestock, land, and even their freedom. Pharaoh comes to own nearly everything and everyone in Egypt, resulting in a standing 20 percent income tax on the people.
Genesis 47 begins with Pharaoh interviewing Joseph's brothers and father before granting their request to settle in the region of Goshen in Egypt. Just as Joseph had hoped, his family is secure. The rest of the people of Egypt and Canaan are not. Most run out of money and can no longer buy food from Joseph. On Pharaoh's behalf, Joseph trades food for their livestock and then their land and even their freedom. Nearly all people will be required to pay to Pharaoh 20 percent of their harvest each year from this time forward. After several years, Jacob asks Joseph to swear that he will bury Jacob's body with his fathers in Canaan.