What does Genesis 49:11 mean?
Each of Jacob's twelve sons will receive a prediction about the fate of their descendants (Genesis 49:1–2). These are given by Jacob on his deathbed (Genesis 48:1). This passage describes the bright future of the people who will come from Judah. Jacob has already declared that Judah's tribe will produce a king who will conquer his enemies and be praised by his brothers (Genesis 49:8–10).Now Jacob points to a time of great abundance in the future of Judah's people. The king mentioned in the previous verse who will come from the tribe of Judah is very likely a reference to the eternal King, the Messiah Himself (Acts 2:36). Jacob's mention of Judah's descendant riding a donkey fits Zechariah's prophesy that the King of Zion will come "humble and mounted on a donkey, on a colt, the foal of a donkey" (Zechariah 9:9). Jesus fulfilled this prophesy in what Christians refer to as the triumphal entry on the Sunday prior to His crucifixion (Matthew 21:1–11).
Normally, nobody would tie a donkey to a choice grapevine: the donkey would eat the valuable wine grapes. What Jacob describes is a time when grapes are so abundant that nobody worries about running out. They even wash their clothes in wine—an exaggeration meant to imply that fine wine will be as plentiful as water. This points to the enormous blessings under the rule of the Messiah in a distant era (Revelation 20:4).