What does Genesis 50:15 mean?
Jacob, the patriarch God renamed Israel (Genesis 35:10–11), has died in Egypt at the age of 147 (Genesis 49:33). His son Joseph (Genesis 41:44), and Joseph's eleven brothers have buried him according to his wishes (Genesis 47:29–31). They have traveled to Canaan, with Pharaoh's blessing and honor, to lay Jacob to rest in the family tomb (Genesis 23:17–20). Now they have returned together to Egypt. The entire nation of Israel is settled there (Genesis 50:8), and despite Joseph's power, he is still technically a slave of Pharaoh (Genesis 50:4–6).Now that Jacob is dead, Joseph's brothers are afraid. What if Joseph has been holding back his hatred for them only because of Jacob? They worry that all Joseph's kind treatment (Genesis 47:11–12) has been solely out of respect for their father. Now that Jacob is gone, they fear Joseph will finally "pay them back." It's important to recognize that the brothers understand that they would deserve retribution. They had jealously sold Joseph into slavery as a 17–year-old boy (Genesis 37:18–36). They themselves refer to it as "all the evil that we did to him" (Genesis 42:21–22).
Motivated by that fear, the brothers plan to appeal to Joseph's love of their father, to stave off what might be left of his anger (Genesis 50:16–17).