What does Hebrews 1:5 mean?

Verses 1 through 4 described Jesus as above any angel, both in power and authority. Starting in verse 5, the writer of Hebrews presents specific evidence from the Old Testament to support this. According to the prophets, the Messiah—Jesus Christ—is not some created being or spiritual power. He is the unique and superior Son of God. This explanation will continue through all of chapter 2. The writer will pause, however, in Hebrews 2:1–4 to give the first of several warnings against rejecting the gospel message.

The first citation given is from Psalm 2:7. This Psalm describes the crowning of a king, accompanied by celebration. Meanwhile, in other pagan nations, people oppose this new ruler. Psalm 2 encourages the other territories to obey God and to follow His chosen leader. Psalm 2:7 specifically implies that this new ruler derives his right to the throne from his relationship to God. The expression "I have begotten you" from this verse does not refer to biology, but to authority.

The writer of Hebrews uses this reference to support his claim that Jesus is an authority far above and beyond any angel. This same verse, Psalm 2:7, is quoted by Paul, who also makes the connection between it and the Messiah (Acts 13:33).

The second Old Testament citation is from 2 Samuel 7:14. This is part of a message given to King David, where God speaks through the prophet Nathan. In its immediate context, the verse refers to the literal family of David, since it also describes the penalties David's son would endure for disobedience. The writer of Hebrews is extending this concept of lineage, along with the reference in Psalm 2:7, to apply to the ultimate descendant of David, Jesus Christ. This connects to the idea of Jesus being highly honored, as mentioned in Hebrews 1:3.