What does John 18:11 mean?
"Drinking from a cup" is imagery often used in Scripture to depict intense emotions or experiences. That includes anguish (Isaiah 51:17; Matthew 20:22–23). Earlier, while praying in the garden, Jesus had referred to His upcoming suffering using the same analogy (Matthew 26:39). The rhetorical question reminds Peter that this is God's plan. In fact, these events are precisely what Jesus told Peter was going to happen (Matthew 16:21–23). Further, Jesus had just demonstrated His power by flooring the entire squadron of soldiers with a word (John 18:6).Matthew adds further detail to Jesus' criticism of Peter. Christ points out that He could summon "twelve legions of angels" (Matthew 26:53) to His own defense. This implies a force of more than 72,000. Given the immense power of a single angel (2 Kings 19:35), this is another instance of Christ confirming that He goes willingly to this fate (Philippians 2:8).
It's noteworthy that Christ does not tell Peter to abandon his sword. Rather, the command is to put it away (Matthew 26:52). That nuance, as well, highlights that Jesus' sacrifice is voluntary. Had His intent been earthly power, Peter's action might have been reasonable (John 18:36). Jesus is not denouncing self-defense here, He is reminding Peter that this moment is not the right time.
