What does John 19:23 mean?
Artwork, church crucifixes, popular culture, and other media usually portray Jesus in a loincloth or similar covering during the crucifixion. This is for reasons of modesty, not accuracy. Victims were normally stripped naked, as a mark of shame and to increase their exposure. This is the case for Jesus, since the five pieces described here are an entire set of clothes. The tunic, itself, was something of an undergarment.Soldiers participating in various tasks could expect related fringe benefits. In this case, the clothes of the condemned were given to the executioners to do with what they chose. The soldiers will evenly divide most of the items, likely a belt, cloak, sandals and head covering. The additional piece is likely the most expensive, so it's allocated by luck (John 19:24). This corresponds with a prophetic statement in Psalm 22:18. This passage depicts a blameless person's suffering at the hands of enemies. Jesus will speak the opening line of this same Psalm as He hangs on the cross (Matthew 27:46).