What does John 5:2 mean?
The Pool of Bethesda is near the temple in the northeast corner of Jerusalem. In decades past, critics pointed to this passage as an example of historical error in the Bible. Eventually, though, archaeologists discovered a two-section pool near the Sheep Gate matching the description given in John 5:2. The "porticoes," "colonnades," or "porches" were pillared areas meant to provide shade from the sun.The fact that this area had available shade might have been one reason for the large crowd of disabled people gathered there. Depending on the weather, this could have been an extremely busy area. This would have added to the public spectacle of Jesus' upcoming miracle. Even more so, the man Jesus is about to heal has been crippled for almost forty years. This makes him a particularly effective example of God's power; there would be no doubt that his healing was miraculous.
John is also pointing out that there were many people, with many disabilities, gathered by the pool (John 5:3). Sadly, these people huddled right next to the temple. The fact that there could be so many destitute and un-helped people so close to the house of God reflects poorly on Israel's spiritual state at that time.