What does Judges 1:17 mean?
As Judah works its way through their territory to clear it of Canaanites (Judges 1:4–11), they now join forces with the fighting men of Simeon. Judah and Simeon are described as brothers. As sons of Jacob and Leah, these ancestors of the two tribes were full brothers and closely connected (Genesis 35:23).The combined forces of Judah and Simeon attack and destroy the people of the city of Zephath. They fully follow God's mandate about devoting the local Canaanites to destruction (Deuteronomy 20:16–18). They tear the city down completely and rename the place Hormah, which means "destruction." This was God's intended outcome for every encounter Israel had with the Canaanites.
Why did God want Israel to utterly destroy the people of Canaan? It went beyond merely wanting to keep the Israelites away from foreign gods. The people of Canaan were guilty of great evil, and God sent His people Israel to execute His wrath on them (Deuteronomy 7:1–5). Deuteronomy 9:5 puts it this way: "Not because of your righteousness or the uprightness of your heart are you going in to possess their land, but because of the wickedness of these nations the Lord your God is driving them out from before you."