What does Judges 1:7 mean?
Israel's first battle following the death of Joshua has taken place. By God's blessing, the men of Judah conquered and destroyed a city called Bezek (Judges 1:4–5). According to God's instructions, the men of Judah should have killed the wicked leaders of that city (Deuteronomy 20:16–17). Instead, the Israelites commit the first act in a long-running pattern of disobedience in the Promised Land: cutting off the enemy king's thumbs and big toes (Judges 1:6). In doing so, they imitate the culture of the wicked Canaanites (Deuteronomy 20:18), exactly as God wanted them to avoid.This act carries both literal and symbolic purpose. It cripples the victim, making walking and grasping objects difficult. It also symbolizes the victim's military defeat, rendering them effectively useless as a solider. The enemy leader, known by the title Adoni-bezek, has done the same to others during his own rule. Apparently, he then kept defeated kings as trophies, forcing them to forage for scraps with their mutilated hands. His use of the number seventy is probably a figure of speech, which was common in ancient discourse (Judges 1:4).
Adoni-bezek adds that as he has done, "elōhim" has repaid. Much like the English word "God," this is a title often used for the One True God. Also like the English term, it can be a generic reference to a false "god" or idol. Most likely, the Canaanite king refers to one of his own deities. This reveals something crucial about the Canaanite people. Their commitment to see all things from the perspective of false gods was exactly the reason Yahweh wanted the Israelites to keep absolutely separated from these people.
The following verse notes that Adonai-bezek was taken to Jerusalem and stayed there until he died. When this verse says, "they brought him," it might mean the Canaanite people. As the next verse notes, Jerusalem is the next city to be attacked by Judah. Perhaps the Israelites released the maimed king as a vicious message, only to kill him in their next battle. It's also possible the Israelites kept the prisoner alive for some undetermined time, as a cruel souvenir of their victory.
The reference to "Jerusalem" is likely used in the same way modern historians might speak of the apostle Paul traveling through "Turkey" (Acts 19:10), for the sake of easier understanding. Since Israel previously had difficulty with the city of Jerusalem, itself (Joshua 15:63), and would again in the future (Judges 1:21), this battle might have involved the hill later called Mount Zion.
Judges 1:1–20 describes the campaign of the tribes of Judah and Simeon, to drive out or destroy all the Canaanites from their large territory in southern Israel. It begins with victories over Bezek and Jerusalem. The report rehearses the former victories by Caleb and his family in the hill country. The campaign continues into the desert wilderness of the Negeb, where a group of descendants of Moses' father-in-law settles. Judah dominates the hill country but doesn't entirely evict the wicked Canaanites because of their iron chariots.
Judges 1 summarizes the early efforts of the tribes of Israel to drive the Canaanites from the land or to destroy them entirely (Deuteronomy 7:1–5; 9:4). The process starts well with a string of successes by Judah and Simeon in the south. Then the news turns sour as one tribe after another is said to have failed to drive the Canaanites out of their allotted territories. Instead, they occupy certain territories, often allowing inhabitants of the land to live among them.
