What does Judges 7:1 mean?
When God called Gideon, he was hiding food from the enemy (Judges 6:11–12). Even when God confirmed His divine message (Judges 6:17–22), Gideon was still hesitant. After being empowered by the Holy Spirit to summon an army, he still asked for signs and proofs (Judges 6:34–40). Finally, after so many confirmations, Gideon seems ready to attack the Midianites.The enemy is camped in the Valley of Jezreel by the hill of Moreh (Judges 6:33). This puts them squarely between Mount Gilboa to the south and Mount Tabor to the north. They are not far from the location at which Gideon's hometown of Ophrah is most commonly thought to have been. The Midian army, together with their allies, is enormous (Judges 8:10).
This verse briefly refers to Gideon by his new name: Jerubbaal. This title came after Gideon destroyed a pagan altar, and his father challenged the town to let Baal defend himself if he so chose. The name Jerubbaal means "let Baal contend," and suggests that Gideon's very life and success are proof of the Canaanite god's weakness.
Gideon and those with him rise early in the morning and head out to set up their own camp by the spring of Harod. This puts them directly south of the Midianite army and only about five miles, or eight kilometers, away. Gideon has a large company of men under his command at this point (Judges 7:3), though not for long. God has plans to winnow the group down to a small task force.