What does Judges 8:14 mean?
Gideon's war against the Midianites is over. By God's power (Judges 6:14), he and Israel have won (Judges 8:10–12). He is returning, victorious, to his people (Judges 8:12).Success has not made Gideon forget the betrayal of his own countrymen. Two Israelite towns refused to help him and his men in their time of need. While chasing down the enemy, Gideon's exhausted company came to the people of Succoth and asked for bread. The leaders of Succoth refused, apparently out of fear of what the Midianites would do to them if they helped Gideon and he was defeated. The same happened in Penuel (Judges 8:4–9). Gideon promised to return after his victory and pay back the towns for their lack of loyalty to Israel.
Gideon's return approach followed a different path than the one he took to pursue Midian's army (Judges 8:13). He has gone around Penuel and come back to Succoth first. This surprise visit makes it more likely he can punish the guilty without them escaping. On arriving in the area, he takes captive a young man. This man may have been a young official of some sort there. He could apparently write, meaning that he had some education. Gideon forces him to list all the elders and officials of the town. Gideon wants to know exactly who he is looking for. He holds these 77 men responsible for the decision not to provide aid to God's deliverer over the enemies of Israel.