What does Luke 13:12 mean?
It is the Sabbath in the synagogue and the synagogue leader has asked Jesus to teach (Luke 13:10). The custom is that the chosen speaker reads from the Hebrew Scriptures then explains the passage. Most quote other rabbis or scribes to authenticate their interpretation of the text. Jesus, however, "taught them as one who had authority" (Mark 1:22). He doesn't need human affirmation to express the significance of His Father's Word.While Jesus is speaking, He notices a woman bent over. A demon has kept her crippled for eighteen years. Any other rabbi would have continued teaching; a disabled woman is not worth their time. In fact, they would think she's cursed by God for her sins (Luke 13:11; John 9:1–3). Jesus is not like other rabbis, of course. He stops His teaching and calls the woman to Him. And if the scandal of a rabbi speaking to a cursed woman isn't enough, He touches her and heals her.
The synagogue leader has many reasons to get indignant, but he focuses on the fact that Jesus "worked" on the Sabbath. He can't call out his esteemed guest speaker, however, so he scolds the crowd, telling them they should not seek healing on the Sabbath (Luke 13:14).
We don't know what passage Jesus is teaching on, but the synagogue leader's reaction is the exact opposite of the message of the Old Testament: God longs to bless, comfort, and restore His people, and He will do so if they come to Him. Even on the Sabbath, the day of rest (Luke 13:16; Mark 2:27).