What does Luke 18:16 mean?
Luke develops the comparison within this story. Parents are bringing their young children to Jesus so He will touch them. The disciples apparently believe Jesus is too important to waste His time on children; the disciples rebuke the parents (Luke 18:15).Jesus becomes indignant (Mark 10:14). Whatever motivation the disciples are living out of, it does not reflect Jesus' purpose. He has come that all might enter God's kingdom, including children. How dare they stand in these children's way! He commands them to both let the children come and to get out of the children's way.
The kingdom of God is any situation in which God's attributes—His sovereignty, power, and authority—are evident. With Jesus' birth, the kingdom of God on earth was initiated. Throughout this lengthy collection of lessons (Luke 9:51—19:27), Jesus has been teaching the disciples about what constitutes God's kingdom. The disciples may think God's kingdom is too grand for children; Jesus says children are its natural inhabitants. Their humble, unworldly state means they will enter more easily than adults.
This leads to a second comparison. Luke goes on to record Jesus' interaction with an honorable and wealthy man. The man has obeyed the Law and is good to people around him. Yet he still loves the world. He hopes that if he does enough good deeds, he can keep his privileged state on earth and also inherit eternal life. When challenged, he proves that God is almost his highest priority—but still second to being rich. This man is the foil to humble children who have nothing to lose and so are better prepared to enter God's kingdom (Luke 18:17–25).