What does Luke 24:27 mean?
Jesus is chastising two of His disciples for not understanding how Old Testament predicted the Messiah's suffering and death leading to resurrection (Luke 24:25–26). The list of prophecies is impressive.Psalm 22 and Isaiah 53 are the primary sources of prophecies regarding the suffering Jesus experienced. The passages cover His refusal to defend Himself during the trials, the exact insults He heard, the presence of Gentiles, the physiological consequences of crucifixion—including dehydration and nails through His hands and feet—how the soldiers divided His clothes, and His burial in the tomb of a rich man. There are many other prophecies, particularly in the Psalms.
Fewer Old Testament passages talk about Jesus' resurrection, but they are there. God promised the Suffering Servant's days would be prolonged (Isaiah 53:10). David says, "For you will not abandon my soul to sheol, or let your holy one see corruption" (Psalm 16:10). This implies that Jesus' body would not lie so long it would decompose (Acts 2:27). Other parts say Jesus was disciplined severely but will live (Psalm 118:17–18). And Jonah is more than a prophecy; his three days in the belly of the fish is given as a living allegory of Jesus' time in and escape from the grave (Matthew 12:38–41).
The prophecies of the necessity of what Jesus experienced are scattered throughout. The Messiah must defeat the serpent (Genesis 3:15; Daniel 9:24–27). He must bless the nations through Israel (Genesis 12:3; 22:18). He must be the prophet like Moses (Deuteronomy 18:15). And He must free the captives and heal the brokenhearted (Isaiah 61:1). To do those things, He had to die.
The Old Testament speaks of the Messiah entering His glory, too. God will give Jesus authority over the nations (Daniel 7:13–14). And Jesus will take His rightful place on David's throne (2 Samuel 7:16; Jeremiah 23:5).
These two disciples had believed that Jesus was the Messiah who would redeem Israel (Luke 24:21). They had believed He would fulfill the prophecies of the Old Testament. But they didn't believe enough to accept that if He needed to return from the dead to do it, He would.