What does Luke 3:9 mean?
If someone says, "I am going to cut down that tree," we might wonder when they'll do so. If we see their axe leaning against the base of the tree one day, we know the key moment is imminent. John the Baptist's symbolism implies that very thing: judgment is not far in the future: it is about to happen. This is part of John's preaching ministry, preparing Israel to receive the Messiah (Luke 3:1–6).Part of John's message has been that rituals and ancestry are not enough to escape God's wrath. Baptism without repentance and mere Jewish heritage will not save (Luke 3:7–8). Jesus would also use analogies related to trees and their productivity (Matthew 7:17–20). Fruitfulness represents a tree which is living and healthy: an external sign of an internal condition (John 15:4–6). The "unfruitful" tree, disconnected from life, is not merely to be pruned; it's to be cut down and thrown into fire.