What does Luke 6:42 mean?
Here, Christ concludes explaining what is required for His followers to properly judge another. First, we need to realize that we do not have sufficient discernment on our own. We need to follow Jesus and become more like Him. Then we use that wisdom to determine if we have unrepentant sin or if we have a worldview that contradicts God's (Luke 6:39–41).Jesus is correcting His audience's perception of the Mosaic covenant. Leviticus 26 is clear that if the Israelites obeyed Him, He would bless them with verdant agriculture and victory over their national enemies. Conversely, if they disobeyed Him, He would send famine and take the people into exile. Many of the religious leaders turned God's promises inside-out. They strove to earn worldly riches to "prove" they had pleased God. Conversely, if someone was poor, hungry, or injured, they were assumed to have sinned.
Jesus disavows His disciples of this interpretation. When they see a man born blind, they ask Him "Rabbi, who sinned, this man or his parents, that the was born blind?" Jesus responds, "It was not that this man sinned, or his parents, but that the works of God might be displayed in him" (John 9:2–3). In this event, the "works" are that Jesus heals the man's blindness. In the context of the Sermon on the Plain, God promises that the persecuted poor will receive His kingdom, the hungry will be fed, and they all will be rewarded in heaven (Luke 6:20–22).
The "log" is this misinterpretation of Leviticus 26. Demanding vengeance and recompense for earthly persecution does not reflect Christ's character. If we accept Jesus as our teacher, we will not accept a false view of retribution. Once this log is removed and we clearly see God's priorities, we can properly judge others and help them see Jesus' better way. Ironically, by the time we reach that state (Hebrews 5:13–14), we will be reluctant to judge. We will understand the advantage of loving, praying for, forgiving, and blessing our enemies. We will hold our lives lightly. We will be merciful because we know how much mercy God has shown us (Luke 6:27–38).
In Luke 6:37–42, Jesus finishes explaining precisely what it means to be His disciple. He began with a list of blessings His persecuted followers can expect. He listed consequences for those blessed by the ungodly world (Luke 6:20–26). He exhorts His followers to love their enemies with prayer and generosity (Luke 6:27–35). Here, He applies mercy (Luke 6:36) with gracious judgment and forgiveness. Finally, He calls the crowd to have good hearts and lives that are founded on Him (Luke 6:43–49). The sentiments behind Jesus' teachings here are scattered around Matthew and Mark.
Luke 6 contains two main sections of teaching and calls to discipleship. Luke 6:1–16 continues the pattern of Luke 5. The two ways in which Jesus sets aside tradition—this time by taking authority over the Sabbath—are paired with His call for the Twelve disciples. Luke 6:17–49 records Jesus' teaching on the ''level place,'' or His ''Sermon on the Plain,'' and a call to a crowd for general discipleship. Much of this material has parallels in Matthew 5 through 7, but it's not clear if the two accounts are of the same event. As a travelling teacher, Christ likely gave the same general message multiple times.