What does Malachi 3:11 mean?
Israel's covenant agreement with God included both positive and negative promises. If Israel complied, God had promised blessings. If Israel disobeyed, God vowed consequences (Deuteronomy 28:15–68). Verse 10 was an appeal for Israel to honor this agreement by bringing "the full tithe" to God's house. Prior verses, such as Malachi 3:8, explained that withholding part of God's required tithe was an act of robbery.In this case, it seems that the primary benefit promised is agricultural. Compared to modern farmers, ancient cultivators struggled greatly to combat insects and other natural threats to their crops. God's assurance that "the devourer" would not affect their crops is a promise of prosperity, so long as Israel honors their end of the agreement.
As with prior verses, it's important to remember that this two-sided covenant is between Israel and God, not between God and all Christian believers. In other words, this part of Malachi does not ensure material prosperity to believers who serve, donate to, or tithe on behalf of God. God certainly blesses those who are generous towards His church (Philippians 4:14–19), but this is not always a material return.
Malachi 3:7–12 is both a reminder and an encouragement to Israel. God's covenant through Moses included positive promises, in response to obedience. However, it also included negative consequences, in response to defiance. Israel has been ''robbing'' God by failing to pay His tithes. Israel's lack of success, in this case, is partly because of their own disobedience. Even so, God promises to restore Israel's fortunes if they will be faithful. Though often mis-applied, these requirements and promises are meant only for Israel, not all believers at all times.
The final message, completed in chapter 4, is an appeal for God's chosen people to return. God would prefer to see them redeemed, than to be destroyed, when the end finally comes. This passage includes God's promise to send a messenger heralding the Messiah. And, that the Promised One will someday rule and conquer the wicked. In the meantime, Israel must stop ''robbing'' Him by withholding His tithes and offerings. Only God's unchanging nature has kept Israel from destruction. At the same time, God will remember those who have been faithful during these faithless times.