What does Matthew 10:10 mean?

Jesus is sending His core group of twelve apostles out into Galilee in Israel to preach that the kingdom of heaven in near. This likely includes teaching that Jesus is the Messiah, its King. He has told them not to stock up for the trip with extra money or precious metals (Matthew 10:5–9). This implies that they are not to even take money or the means to buy supplies.

Now He tells them not to take a bag. Some interpreters believe this is a reference to beggars holding up pouches into which others could drop coins. He tells them not to pack an extra tunic or extra sandals and staff. In other words, for this unique trip, they should make absolutely no provision for their own needs.

Why would Jesus say this? He answers here: The laborer deserves his food. Jesus wants to show these men that God can provide their needs through the hospitality and generosity of those they serve (Matthew 6:25–34). In this way, they will learn to become more comfortable with not knowing where every meal will come from along the way. Those who repent and prepare for the coming of the kingdom of heaven will demonstrate their faithfulness by providing for the messengers.

Having said that, this will not be Jesus' instruction for every mission the disciples will face. In fact, in Luke 22:35–41, Jesus will give them nearly opposite instructions about preparing for a journey.