What does Matthew 10:30 mean?

As part of preparing them for a short-term mission (Matthew 10:5–8), Jesus has warned His disciples about the persecution they will experience as they represent Him in the world (Matthew 10:22–27). He has also told them not to be afraid—or, at least, to fear God more than those who can only kill their bodies. God can destroy both body and soul in hell (Matthew 10:28). He quickly added, however, that God is their Father, and He cares about all He has created. He knows even when a single sparrow falls (Matthew 10:29).

Now Jesus declares that their Father God even knows the number of hairs on each of their heads. God cares about the smallest details of our lives. Contrary to what we sometimes imagine, God is not only concerned with the big issues we face or our victories and failures. He is aware of and involved with the tiniest matters of His children's lives. This does not mean God will always, in all cases, prevent harm or hardship from coming to faithful believers (Matthew 5:3–12). It does mean that we should not interpret difficult times as abandonment by God.

Jesus completes the comparison between God's children and sparrows in the following verse.