What does Matthew 13:54 mean?
Both Joseph and Mary had apparently grown up in the small town of Nazareth, about halfway between the Sea of Galilee and the Mediterranean. They returned to Nazareth after Jesus' birth and their time in Egypt (Luke 2:39), and Jesus spent His childhood there (Luke 2:40). Eventually, though, Jesus moved to the more populated town of Capernaum on the shores of the Sea of Galilee (Matthew 4:13).Jesus now returns to visit His "hometown," which most commentators understand to be Nazareth. Some commentators see this visit as being separate from the one described in Luke 4:16–29, where the people of Nazareth attempted to kill Jesus after He claimed to be the fulfillment of one of Isaiah's prophecies about the Messiah, then compared them to people in the Old Testament Scriptures not miraculously saved by God. Most towns in Israel, even small ones like Nazareth, had a synagogue. It was common for visiting rabbis to be invited to speak in the synagogue when in town. Jesus did so in Nazareth. He apparently also did some miracles there, perhaps of healing, though He did not do many (Matthew 13:58).
The reaction to Jesus' teaching and His miracles was both astonishment and rejection. The people asked where He got this wisdom and the ability to do these mighty works. They didn't deny Jesus' obvious power, but they were offended that someone who had come from among them would seem to be so important and favored. Jesus did not fit into their idea of Him, and they were committed to Him fitting their preferred mold.
Assumptions and prejudices can blind us to truth. When we think we know something, or someone, we tend to favor those expectations over new information. Many, many people in the world think they already know all about Jesus. Many, however, know very little, and are offended when presented with the truth (Matthew 13:57).