What does Matthew 16:17 mean?
This is an enthusiastic response to Peter's answer from the prior verse (Matthew 16:13–16). Christ asked the disciples who they say that He is. Peter responded simply and profoundly, "You are the Christ, the Son of the Living God." Peter's answer showed that he understood Jesus to be both the promised Messiah and to be divine. This is exactly what men like Peter should have thought, and Jesus praises him for that confession.Peter has been labeled "blessed" for understanding and believing this to be true. Jesus uses the equivalent of Peter's family name, Simon Bar-Jonah, which would literally mean "Simon, son of Jonah." Making specific reference to Peter's father emphasizes the point Jesus immediately makes about that knowledge. It did not come from Peter's earthly father. He also did not come to this conclusion about Jesus out of his own cleverness or careful study.
Rather, Peter's conviction that Jesus is the Christ was given by Jesus' Father in heaven. God revealed to Peter and the other disciples that Jesus was His Son. God still participates in revealing the truth about Jesus to those who believe in Him (John 6:44; 16:7–11).