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Matthew 19:28
ESV Jesus said to them, "Truly, I say to you, in the new world, when the Son of Man will sit on his glorious throne, you who have followed me will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.
NIV Jesus said to them, "Truly I tell you, at the renewal of all things, when the Son of Man sits on his glorious throne, you who have followed me will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.
NASB And Jesus said to them, 'Truly I say to you, that you who have followed Me, in the regeneration when the Son of Man will sit on His glorious throne, you also shall sit upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.
CSB Jesus said to them, "Truly I tell you, in the renewal of all things, when the Son of Man sits on his glorious throne, you who have followed me will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.
NLT Jesus replied, 'I assure you that when the world is made new and the Son of Man sits upon his glorious throne, you who have been my followers will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.
KJV And Jesus said unto them, Verily I say unto you, That ye which have followed me, in the regeneration when the Son of man shall sit in the throne of his glory, ye also shall sit upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.
NKJV So Jesus said to them, “Assuredly I say to you, that in the regeneration, when the Son of Man sits on the throne of His glory, you who have followed Me will also sit on twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.

What does Matthew 19:28 mean?

Peter had heard Jesus' promise to the rich, young ruler, who proved his lack of sincerity by rejecting Jesus' words (Matthew 19:21–22). Jesus' command for that particular man was to give up his wealth. Christ then indicated that those who are rich often have a difficult time learning to humbly trust in God. Salvation is impossible through human effort, but not impossible for God (Matthew 19:23–26).

Peter has asked what he and the other disciples will have in heaven since they have left all to follow Jesus (Matthew 19:23–27). The question might sound selfish, but Jesus does not accuse the disciples of this. He simply tells them the most remarkable thing they likely could have imagined ever happening to them. In fact, they likely could not imagine it.

Jesus mentions the new world. In the original language, He uses the term palingenesia, literally meaning something like "the regeneration." He is describing the moment when the Son of Man, Jesus, will take His seat on the glorious throne of heaven in eternity. Revelation 21:1–5 puts it this way:
"Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first heaven and the first earth had passed away, and the sea was no more. And I saw the holy city, new Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband. And I heard a loud voice from the throne saying, 'Behold, the dwelling place of God is with man. He will dwell with them, and they will be his people, and God himself will be with them as their God. He will wipe away every tear from their eyes, and death shall be no more, neither shall there be mourning, nor crying, nor pain anymore, for the former things have passed away. And he who was seated on the throne said, 'Behold, I am making all things new.'"
Regarding the disciples, specifically, Jesus' answer is that they will be there with Him. Each will be sitting on their own throne in heaven. They will fill the specific role of judging the twelve tribes of the nation of Israel. These twelve, simple men who have left everything behind to follow Christ will first become His apostles on earth, then judges over God's chosen people in heaven. Revelation 21 mentions them, as well, when describing the new Jerusalem:
"It had a great, high wall, with twelve gates, and at the gates twelve angels, and on the gates the names of the twelve tribes of the sons of Israel were inscribed— on the east three gates, on the north three gates, on the south three gates, and on the west three gates. And the wall of the city had twelve foundations, and on them were the twelve names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb" (Revelation 21:12–14).
Jesus has revealed to these men that they will have more than just treasure in heaven. They will occupy thrones and positions of great responsibility and power alongside Jesus.
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