What does Matthew 25:34 mean?

Jesus, on His throne following a time of great tribulation (Matthew 24:21–22) and at some point during the end times (Matthew 24:3), will separate a massive group of people into two groups. Scholars debate whether those judged are all the peoples of earth, non-believers, or non-Jews. Interpreters also disagree on whether this event is separate from the great white throne judgment of nonbelievers (Revelation 20:11–15) and the believers' judgment seat of Christ (2 Corinthians 5:10), or if it is a general description of each person's eternal fate (Matthew 7:13–14; John 3:36; 14:6).

In this event, Jesus has labeled each person using one of two categories: "sheep" on His right, and "goats" on His left (Matthew 25:31–33).

Now the King turns to those in the "sheep" group and welcomes them into His kingdom. Some see this as a depiction of the millennial kingdom (Revelation 20:1–6). Others interpret it as a general idea of eternity with God, and salvation. Christ describes this group as blessed by His Father and declares that they have inherited a place in His kingdom that has been prepared for them since the foundation of the world (Ephesians 1:4). That reference strongly echoes other biblical statements referring to "the elect" (Matthew 24:22; Mark 13:27; Romans 11:7; Titus 1:1). These are those who have put their faith in Jesus as Savior and Lord: they are true Christians, chosen by God to receive His gracious forgiveness for their sins based on their faith in Christ.

As Jesus will indicate, those who have trusted Him have demonstrated that faith (John 14:15) through obedience (Matthew 10:40–42).