What does Philemon chapter 1 mean?
Philemon chapter 1 is the first and only chapter of Philemon, the shortest of the apostle Paul's 13 letters. A large portion of the letter addresses the Roman practice of slavery, specifically in the life of a man named Onesimus. This man was a runaway slave of Philemon, a church leader in Colossae.Paul's letter to Philemon includes five main parts: An introduction (Philemon 1:1–3), encouragement to Philemon (Philemon 1:4–7), a request regarding the runaway slave Onesimus (Philemon 1:8–16), a pledge to Philemon from Paul (Philemon 1:17–22), and a brief conclusion (Philemon 1:23–25).
In the introduction, Paul clearly identifies himself as the letter's author, calling himself a prisoner. This letter was written during Paul's two-year house arrest in Rome and is considered one of four Prison Epistles. It seems to have been co-written with Timothy (Philemon 1:1). The main recipient was Philemon, but it is also meant for Apphia and Archippus, probably Philemon's wife and son. It also mentions the house church in their home in Colossae. It includes Paul's standard greeting, "Grace and peace to you."
Philemon 1:4–7 encourages Philemon in many ways. Paul confesses his regular prayers for Philemon, and compliments him on his love, faith, and willingness to share his faith. This section also suggests that Philemon had provided financial assistance to Paul in the past (Philemon 1:7).
Verses 8–16 address a special request of Philemon. Though Onesimus could have been punished or even put to death for running away, Paul urges forgiveness and freedom. He explains that Onesimus had come to faith in Jesus during his time with Paul and wanted to be useful. This is an example of wordplay, as the name Onesimus itself means "useful."
Verses 17–21 display how serious Paul is about his request. He strongly asks Philemon to treat any wrongs or debts of Onesimus as those of Paul himself. Paul essentially signs himself to an obligation to make up for anything Onesimus' escape has cost Philemon. Paul also shares his plans to soon visit Colossae (Philemon 1:22).
Verses 23–25 conclude the brief letter to Philemon, mentioning five additional fellow workers in addition to Timothy, who was mentioned in verse 1. He then ends with, "The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit," a common conclusion used by Paul.