What does Proverbs 14:1 mean?

Solomon observes a contrast between a wise woman and a foolish woman. The book of Proverbs uses the terms "wise" and "foolish," generally, to describe those who follow God or reject God, respectively (Proverbs 1:7; 3:5–8). Solomon's description here refers to women and their influence on the home, though this does not mean home-based interests are the only ones which can be addressed by women.

In this verse, Solomon is not referring to construction but to homemaking. The wise woman blesses her home, her family. Practical examples of this would include things like partnering with her husband in the godly upbringing of their children (Proverbs 22:6; 29:15; Psalm 127:3–5; Ephesians 6:1–4) and facilitating a physically, emotionally, and spiritually healthy environment in the home through things as simple as family hygiene habits, speech patterns, and vigilantly attending to her own relationship with the Lord. A wise woman doesn't waste money or resources, but instead invests them into her ministry for the glory of God and the benefit of her family and others to whom she ministers. A wise woman is one like the virtuous woman of Proverbs 31, always mindful of the needs of her household and eager to live out God's call on her life in every season.

The foolish woman, on the other hand, is unconcerned about the needs of her husband and children. She does not honor the Lord nor seek to live out His calling on her life. Rather than build up her family, her actions damage her family.