What does Proverbs 23:29 mean?

Beginning with this verse, Solomon turns his attention to the sin of drunkenness. Verses 29 through 35 of this chapter are the Bible's most vivid description of the consequences of alcohol abuse. Wines, beers, and other "strong drink" were available in the ancient world (Deuteronomy 14:26; Numbers 6:3; Luke 1:15). Scripture does not give a blanket command for believers to avoid all alcohol consumption. However, the Bible makes it clear that alcohol is not to be used carelessly (Ephesians 5:18; Proverbs 20:1). It's also important to note that the modern world offers easier access to intoxicating drinks, with much greater potency, than was typical in biblical eras.

Many modern western cultures include the idea of "happy hour," where bars offer discounted drinks to increase business. Given what Solomon describes here, and how often modern people set aside sensible views of alcohol, that's a deeply misleading title. The next verse notes that those who drink to excess (Proverbs 23:30) are the ones subject to "woe…sorrow…strife…complaining…wounds…[and] redness of eyes." Alcohol is a significant factor in many accidents, acts of violence, life-altering mistakes, and addictions. Those who drink to excess put themselves—and others—in harm's way through those risks. All too often, the drink is blamed, rather than the drunkard taking full responsibility for their choice to consume.

Later verses will mention dangers such as hallucinations and uncontrolled speech (Proverbs 23:33), loss of physical control (Proverbs 23:34), loss of awareness and addiction (Proverbs 23:35).