What does Proverbs 27:23 mean?

It is extremely important for a rancher to keep up to date on the condition of his livestock. He should care for them diligently. Laziness or indifference will hurt not only the livestock but the rancher as well. If livestock are in poor condition, the rancher's livelihood will suffer. What applies to the rancher in his care of his flocks and herds, applies also to anyone who is responsible for a business or a segment of a business. Idleness will surely cause a business to fail. This sentiment can also be applied to management of one's personal finances. Inattention or ignorance of the condition of one's finances can lead to negative outcomes. The same is true when related to management over or responsibility of others. Knowing the condition of one's flocks, or of whatever or whomever one manages, implies a person who not only cares about their flock, but who also takes active steps to monitor their well-being.

A pastor, also, needs to know the condition of his flock and care for the sheep, which are God's people. Jesus commissioned the apostle Peter to feed Jesus' lambs, tend His sheep, and feed His sheep (John 21:15–17). Later, Peter charged the elders among the scattered Jewish believers to "shepherd the flock of God that is among you, exercising oversight, not under compulsion, but willingly, as God would have you; not for shameful gain, but eagerly; not domineering over those in your charge, but being examples to the flock" (1 Peter 5:2–3).

The following verses (Proverbs 27:24–27) reinforce the idea of knowing the condition of one's flocks and giving attention to one's herds. Diligent planning and effort today is more likely to result in good outcomes tomorrow.