What does Psalm 10:5 mean?

In an earthly timeframe, it's possible for wicked people to find success. Acting immorally can result in material benefits, for a while. The evil person assumes God doesn't see what he is doing (Psalm 10:11), or He does not exist to see those deeds (Psalm 10:4), therefore no punishment is to be expected. That false sense of security causes him to breathe out contempt for all his foes.

God might be more patient than we would prefer (Psalm 10:1), but eventually He will punish the wicked who feel so secure in their ill-gotten gain. Asaph describes the prosperous wicked in Psalm 73:8 as scoffing and speaking with malice and threatening oppression. They also blaspheme God (Psalm 73:9). However, they will come to a disastrous end. God will make them fall to ruin, and He will sweep them away utterly by terrors (Psalm 73:18–19).

Demonstrating how quickly earthly wealth can become meaningless, a biblical parable depicts a rich farmer who trusted in his bumper crops for security, only to be swept suddenly into eternal judgment (Luke 12:13–21). First Thessalonians 5:3 promises: "While people are saying, 'There is peace and security,' then sudden destruction will come upon them as labor pains come upon a pregnant woman, and they will not escape."