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Psalm 110:4
ESV The Lord has sworn and will not change his mind, "You are a priest forever after the order of Melchizedek."
NIV The Lord has sworn and will not change his mind: "You are a priest forever, in the order of Melchizedek."
NASB The Lord has sworn and will not change His mind, 'You are a priest forever According to the order of Melchizedek.'
CSB The Lord has sworn an oath and will not take it back: "You are a priest forever according to the pattern of Melchizedek."
NLT The Lord has taken an oath and will not break his vow: 'You are a priest forever in the order of Melchizedek.'
KJV The Lord hath sworn, and will not repent, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchizedek.
NKJV The Lord has sworn And will not relent, “You are a priest forever According to the order of Melchizedek.”

What does Psalm 110:4 mean?

This passage uses two terms with similar English translations. One is Yahweh, or YHWH, a term used exclusively for God (Exodus 3:15) and usually printed in small capitals as "Lord." The other is Adonai, a more general term which often applies to God and is printed with normal font as "Lord." Here, God the Father, Yahweh, continues to speak to the Son, Adonai (Psalm 110:1–3). This psalm speaks about the Messiah, a role fulfilled by Jesus Christ.

Melchizedek is a mysterious figure who appeared to Abram (Genesis 17:5) after the defeat of Chedorlaomer's confederacy. He brought bread and wine and blessed Abram (Genesis 14:17–20). This figure is referred to as both king and priest (Genesis 14:18). Under the old covenant, only those of Levi could be priests, and only those of Judah could be kings. Yet Adonai—the "Lord"—was given kingly status (Psalm 110:2–3) and here is labelled a priest like Melchizedek.

The book of Hebrews explains how this points again to Jesus Christ as the fulfillment of God's prophecies (Hebrews 5:6, 10; 6:20). Chapter 7 goes into detail about what this means (Hebrews 7:17, 21). Hebrews chapter 8 applies this to explain that only Christ can be the Messiah, as only He is appointed both king and priest by God (Hebrews 8:1–2).
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